Countries

Population

Reported
cases

Control measures applied
in different areas

Principal
vectors

Causes producing the
persistance of transmission

262
2,750
386
589
4,510
586
1,795
188
11,066


1,245
1,179
680
3,533
1,210
2,110
9,957


302
849
445
984
2,580





2,254




5,086
1,747
2,476
5,630
1,273
16,212


6,804
5.484
6,908
6,739
8,373
34,308


1,547
7,539
3,916
3,391
4,703
2,456
2,404
735
11,039
37,730


189
258
96
83
626




32
14
2
3
99
4
154




11,415
4,419
8,692
3,506
28,032


25,813
6,539
45,043
8,642
93,550
147,640
127,121
24,467
478,815


26,880
19,845
4,260
14,211
13,605
7,377
7,685
4,975
2,026
100,864


1,379
820
321
52
1,246
3,818


752




308
125
433


3,106


1,459





645










5,210


51,183
34,660
15,880
10,730
8,017
120,470


9,702
728
1,842
1,382
708
293
360
467
219
233
15,934

House, space and antilarval spraying, 
individual and massive radical cure treatments, 
entomological studies and environmental
management promotion.







Spraying and treatments with drugs








Radical treatment, focal and space spraying.









Spraying, drug treatments, larvicide, small
engineering works, debnet use



Non-coordinated indoor spraying and low coverage
of diagnosis and treatment of the population.






Integrated measures implemented; drug treatment;
different spraying methods for physical and larval
control; and community participation.


























Prophylatic treatments for inmigrants drug
treatment barrier, peridomicile fogging indoor
spraying, cleaning of channels, fish rearing,
breeding site treatment with Bti.







Diagnosis
Radical treatment





Integrated control of low converage due to difficult
acess and low stability of the decentralization
process.
Lack of coodination between financial and 
administrative policies






Diagnosis and treatment through the general health
services.
Residual spraying, spatial spraying environmental
health.








Spraying and fogging, application of larvicides.







Epidemiologic surveillance and spraying.




Detection and treatment of cases, house spraying.




Case detection and supervised treatments,
chemical control and physical control of breeding
sites with petroleum.
Health education in prevention and control.



















Indoor spraying, physical control.
impregnated bed nets, tropical repellents.







Indoor house spraying.

A. albimanus
A. vestitipennis
A. pseudopunct








A. albimanus








A. albimanus









A. albimanus




A. albimanus







A. albimanus
A. darlingi






A. albimanus
A. pseudopunct.



















A. albimanus










A. darlingi






A. darlingi










A. pseudopunct.
A. benarrochi










A. darlingi
A. aquasalis
A. nuneztovari





A. pseudopunct.




A. darlingi




A. darlingi
A. pseudopunct





















A. albimanus
A. nuneztovari
A. darlingi
A. puntimacula
A. envasae




A. albimanus

Important migratory movements of agricultural
workers arriving from the south.
Precarious housing.
Vectro resistance in some dispersed areas of
limited extension.
Population habit of staying outdoors for several
hours of the afternoon and evening




Population movements.
De-reforestation
Intense rainfall






Border areas with intense population movements
Agricultural development with unstable manpower
and intense de-forestation.
Large flow of susceptible, inopportune control
measures and lack of inter-agency coordination.
Low social participation.
Deficient decentralization process



Precarious housing, unhealthy environment,
migration, low education, poverty, ideal vector
habitat and types of cultivation.


Unstable politics and migration.
Insecticide resistance.






Presence of rice crops.
Increase of at risk population due to creation of
industrial parks and rice cultivation.
Migrant populations.
Presence of large lagoons that are used for cattle
watering.


Descentralization process in development.
Low coverage of the SILAIS.
High unemployment level.
High human mobility.
Urban epidemic.







Nomadic migration of ethnic groups to the south.
Increase of population movements to the north.







Border migration.
Commercial exchange.
Rice growing
Extensive use of migrant manpower for agriculture
and construction.





Forestry and mining areas of Amerindian groups.
Migratory movements for exploitation of gold,
forests and natural reserves.




All the epidemiologic factors that determine
malaria transmission in "ecological areas of the
agricultural frontier", mining areas and internal
migration.







Delays in the implementation of the global malaria
control strategy.
Implememntation process started in 1994.









Mining areas without control, in the rainforest.
Migrant movements in the border areas.






Intense internal and external migration.
Accessibility limited by climatic factors.
Economical and financial factors limit activities.


Increase of the number of breeding sites.
Migrations. Indigenous groups.
Temporary workers.


Lack of complete and clear political decision.
A priority level was only assigned from August
onwards.
Permanent migration with border communities of
Brazil and to the south with Argentina.
Resistance to change and implementation of new
strategies among some malaria officers.
Lack of complete economic support.















Socio-political factors.
Mining. Drug treatments.
Migration. Colonization.
Illicit crops.
Vector behavior.




Low operating coverage by the national
program.
Lack of political wilingness to solve labor
conflicts
within the old centralized structure