Chapter 3: Sustainable development and environmental health

CHAPTER CONTENT

HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

WATER,SANITATION,AND SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Monitoring MDG Targets
Water,Basic Sanitation, and Public Health
The Economic Benefits ofWater and Sanitation Services Access
Equity in Sustainable Access to Water and Basic Sanitation Services
Quality and Sustainability ofBasic Water and Sanitation Services in the Region
Protection of Water Resources
Protection of Recreational Waters
Solid Waste
Basic Water and Sanitation in Critical and Emergency Situations in Latin America and the Caribbean AIR

POLLUTION
Air Quality in the Americas
The Effects ofAir Pollution on Human Health

CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS
Interventions
Chemical Safety in Latin America and the Caribbean

FOOD SAFETY

WORKERS’HEALTH
Workplace Hazards and the Occupational Morbidity and Mortality Burden
Occupational Accidents
Occupational Diseases
Occupational Mortality
International Policies and Partnerships

CHILDREN’S ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Political Commitments
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit)
United Nations Millennium Declaration
Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development
Declaration of Mar del Plata
Progress in Children’s Environmental Health

FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY
Undernourishment
Nutritional Anthropometry
The Evolution of Overweight and Obesity in Latin America and the Caribbean
Towards a Regional Initiative

DISEASES AFFECTING FOOD SAFETY
Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Avian Influenza
Global Situation
The Importance ofPoultry Production to Food Safety
The Regional Avian Influenza Situation
Risk ofthe Introduction and Spread ofH5N1 Influenza in the Region
The Political and Technical Response

TOBACCO
Tobacco-related Morbidity and Mortality
Tobacco Use and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke
Prevalence ofTobacco Consumption among Adults
Prevalence ofSmoking among Adolescents
Per Capita Tobacco Consumption
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke
Economic Considerations
Status ofInterventions
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Smoke-free Environments
Taxes on Tobacco Products and Price-setting
Health Risk Warnings on Tobacco Products
Elimination of Tobacco Advertising and Promotion
Tobacco Industry Activities
Tobacco in the Courtroom
Challenges and Priorities for the Future

ALCOHOL
Alcohol Consumption, Health, and Social Problems
The Cultural Significance ofAlcohol and Its Consumption in Indigenous Communities
The Path Forward

VIOLENCE
Intentional and Unintentional Injuries
Homicides
Youth Violence
Internal Population Displacement due to Violence
Information Systems on Violence and Injuries
Information Systems ofInjuries from External Causes: Successful Initiatives
Surveillance Systems in Hospital Emergency Departments in Colombia,El Salvador, and Nicaragua
Observatories on Mortality Caused by External Injuries

ROAD SAFETY
Who Has Accidents?
Strategies for Improving Road Safety
Intervention and Prevention

HEALTH PROMOTION

HEALTH HEALTHY SPACES
Examples in the Americas of Healthy Municipalities and Communities
Healthy Housing Initiatives

HEALTH-PROMOTING SCHOOLS
Progress ofthe Initiative